How Do I Grow a Fig Tree in a Container?

Growing a fig tree in a container is one of the best approaches for UK gardeners. A container fig can be placed in the warmest, sunniest position available, moved to a sheltered spot before winter, and managed precisely for root restriction — the key factor in getting a fig to fruit well. Far from being a compromise, container growing often produces better-cropping, more manageable fig trees than open-ground planting in all but the most favoured UK gardens.

Choosing the right container

Start with a container of around 30-40 litres — a 30-35cm diameter pot is a practical starting size for a young tree. Terracotta pots are heavy but breathable and stable; plastic pots are lighter and retain moisture better. Ensure the container has adequate drainage holes at the base. As the tree grows and fills the container over three to four years, move up to a slightly larger container — say 50 litres — but resist the temptation to give the fig too much space too quickly. The root restriction from a modestly sized container is a feature, not a problem.

Compost and potting mix

Use a loam-based compost (John Innes No. 3 is ideal) rather than a peat-based multipurpose compost. Loam-based compost provides better structural stability, drains well but retains enough moisture, and does not break down as rapidly as peat or coir mixes. A mixture of two-thirds John Innes No. 3 to one-third horticultural grit gives excellent drainage while retaining adequate moisture and nutrients.

Watering container figs

Container figs dry out quickly in hot weather and need vigilant watering from April through to October. Check the compost daily during warm spells — lift the container to gauge its weight, or push a finger into the compost to check moisture levels below the surface. Water deeply when the top 2-3cm of compost is dry, allowing water to drain through the base of the pot. Never allow the container to sit in standing water, which causes root rot. In winter during dormancy, water very sparingly — just enough to prevent the compost from drying out completely.

Feeding

Container figs in a loam-based compost need supplementary feeding from spring. Apply a balanced liquid feed fortnightly from when growth begins in April until the end of June. Switch to a high-potash feed (tomato fertiliser works well) from July until August to support fruit development and ripening. Stop all feeding by late August to allow the wood to ripen and harden before winter.

Overwintering the container

Move container figs to a frost-free but cool and preferably dark location between November and March — a garage, shed, cool conservatory or cellar is ideal. The tree is dormant and needs little light but does need some protection from hard frosts below -5°C. Alternatively, leave the tree in a sheltered position and wrap it loosely in two to three layers of horticultural fleece, also wrapping the container itself to protect the roots from freezing in the pot.