What Should You Do About Crossing Branches on a Fruit Tree?

Crossing and rubbing branches are one of the most common problems found during routine pruning inspections. When two branches cross and rub against each other, they create a wound on both — and that wound does not callus over cleanly because the movement constantly reopens it. The result is a persistent entry point for disease, and the weaker branch is often gradually strangled or broken by the dominant one over time. Dealing with crossing branches should be one of the first priorities in any pruning session.

Why Crossing Branches Cause Problems

Beyond the physical wound from rubbing, crossing branches contribute to canopy congestion. A dense, overlapping canopy traps humidity, reduces air movement, and creates ideal conditions for fungal diseases including scab, mildew, and botrytis. Light penetration is reduced, which means the fruit in the interior of the canopy ripens poorly and with less flavour. Removing crossing branches is therefore not just about preventing physical damage — it is a fundamental part of maintaining a healthy, productive tree.

Which Branch to Remove

When two branches cross, one of them has to go. The decision is usually straightforward: remove whichever branch is pointing inward toward the centre of the tree, growing in an awkward direction, or contributing most to canopy congestion. Keep the branch that is better positioned for the overall shape of the tree and that is carrying the most productive wood. If both branches are equally well positioned — which is rare — consider whether you can re-direct one by tying it, or simply accept a small loss and remove the one that leaves a cleaner shape behind.

Making the Cut

Cut the unwanted branch back to its point of origin — the junction with a larger branch or the trunk. Do not leave a stub: stubs do not callus over and become sites of disease and decay. Cut just outside the branch collar — the slightly swollen ring of tissue where the branch meets the trunk or larger limb — and angle the cut slightly away from the collar so water runs off the wound surface rather than pooling in it. This allows the collar tissue to grow over the wound as efficiently as possible.

Preventing Crossing Branches Through Formative Pruning

The best approach to crossing branches is to prevent them from developing in the first place through good formative pruning in the early years. When selecting framework branches on a young tree, always favour those growing outward at a wide angle rather than those growing inward or at narrow angles. Remove any shoots that are growing across the centre of the tree before they have a chance to become structural branches. Consistent attention to canopy direction in the first three or four years greatly reduces the crossing-branch problems that plague neglected or poorly-formed older trees.